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Eastern Churches
Eastern Churches depended originally on the Eastern Empire at Constantinople.
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Ebionites
Two varieties: the earlier group called Ebionites denied the divinity of Christ; the later Ebionites were a Gnostic sect who believed that matter was eternal and was God's body.
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Eck, Johann
Theologian and principal adversary of Luther. Detailed profile by J.P. Kirsch.
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Editions of the Bible
Includes Hebrew and Greek editions.
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Edmund Arrowsmith, Saint
English Jesuit and martyr, d. 1628. Short biography.
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Education of the Blind
Includes statistics and history.
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Edward the Martyr, Saint
King of England, assassinated at the age of 16 or 17 at the behest of his stepmother. St. Edward was murdered in 979.
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Elizabeth of Portugal, Saint
Queen, also known as St. Isabel, d. 1336.
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Elphege, Saint
Also called Alphege or Godwine. Hermit, abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, martyred in 1012. Biographical article.
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Empiricism
Primarily, and in its psychological application, the term signifies the theory that the phenomena of consciousness are simply the product of sensuous experience, i.e. of sensations variously associated and arranged.
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Encyclical
According to its etymology, an encyclical is nothing more than a circular letter. In modern times, usage has confined the term almost exclusively to certain papal documents which differ in their technical form from the ordinary style of either Bulls or Briefs, and which in their superscription are explicitly addressed to the patriarchs, primates, archbishops, and bishops of the Universal Church in communion with the Apostolic See.
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Engaddi
The name of a warm spring near the center of the west shore of the Dead Sea, and also of a town situated in the same place.
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England (After 1558)
Article on the relation of the post-Reformation Catholic church to the English state.
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England (Before the Reformation)
This term England is here restricted to one constituent, the largest and most populous, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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England, John
First Bishop of Charleston, S.C. (1786-1842)
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Epicureanism
In its popular sense, the word stands for a refined and calculating selfishness, seeking not power or fame, but the pleasures of sense, particularly of the palate, and those in company rather than solitude.
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Erasmus, Desiderius
Article by Joseph Sauer. An extensive overview of the life, works and impact of this scholar.
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Erconwald, Saint
Monk, Bishop of London, founded two monasteries, d. about 690. Biography.
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Erie
Diocese established 1853.
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Eriugena, John Scotus
Article by William Turner recounts this scholar's life and influence, and evaluates his teachings.
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Error
Reduplicatively regarded, is in one way or another the product of ignorance. But besides the lack of information which it implies, it adds the positive element of a mental judgment, by which something false is held to be true, or something true avouched to be false.
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Eskimo
A littoral race occupying the entire Arctic coast and outlying islands of America from below Cook Inlet in Alaska to the mouth of the St. Lawrence.
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Essenes
One of three leading Jewish sects mentioned by Josephus as flourishing in the second century B.C., the others being the Pharisees and the Sadducees.
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Eucharistic Congresses
Gatherings of ecclesiastics and laymen for the purpose of celebrating and glorifying the Holy Eucharist and of seeking the best means to spread its knowledge and love throughout the world.
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Eugene II, Pope
Elected 6 June, 824; died 27 Aug., 827.
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Europe
The conception of Europe as a distinct division of the earth, separate from Asia and Africa, had its origin in ancient times.
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Eusebius of Cæsarea
Biographical article on the "Father of Church History."
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Euthanasia
From Greek eu, well, and thanatos, death, easy, painless death.
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Eutychianus, Pope Saint
The successor of Pope Felix I. Eutychianus died in 283.
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Evil
In a large sense, described as the sum of the opposition, which experience shows to exist in the universe, to the desires and needs of individuals; whence arises, among humans beings at least, the sufferings in which life abounds.
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Evolution, Catholics and
Discussed under the headings: (1) Scientific Hypothesis vs. Philosophical Speculation; (2) Theistic vs. Atheistic Theories of Evolution; (3) The Theory of Evolution vs. Darwinism; and (4) Human Evolution vs. Plant and Animal Evolution.
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Ex Cathedra
Literally "from the chair", a theological term which signifies authoritative teaching and is more particularly applied to the definitions given by the Roman pontiff.
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Examination
A process prescribed or assigned for testing qualification; an investigation, inquiry.
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Exegesis, Biblical
The branch of theology which investigates and expresses the true sense of Sacred Scripture.
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Exorcism
Exorcism is (1) the act of driving out, or warding off, demons, or evil spirits, from persons, places, or things, which are believed to be possessed or infested by them, or are liable to become victims or instruments of their malice; (2) the means employed for this purpose, especially the solemn and authoritative adjuration of the demon, in the name of God, or any of the higher power in which he is subject.
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Expectation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Celebrated on 18 December by nearly the entire Latin Church. Owing to the ancient law of the Church prohibiting the celebration of feasts during Lent (a law still in vigour at Milan), the Spanish Church transferred the feast of the Annunciation from 25 March to the season of Advent, the Tenth Council of Toledo (656) assigning it definitely to 18 December.
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Exultet
The hymn in praise of the paschal candle sung by the deacon, in the liturgy of Holy Saturday.
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Ezechias
King of Juda, son and successor of Achaz.
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Eanbald I
The first Archbishop of York by that name.
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Ebendorfer, Thomas
German chronicler, professor, and statesman, b. 12 August, 1385, at Haselbach, in Upper Austria; d. at Vienna, 8 Jan., 1464.
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Eberhard, Matthias
Bishop of Trier, b. 15 Nov., 1815, at Trier (Germany), d. there 30 May, 1876.
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Eccleston, Thomas of
Thirteenth-century Friar Minor and chronicler.
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Eckart, Anselm
Missionary, born at Bingen, Germany, 4 August, 1721; died at the College of Polstok, Polish Russia, 29 June, 1809.
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Eckhel, Joseph Hilarius
German numismatist. (1737-1798)
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Edda
A title applied to two different collections of old Norse literature, the poetical or "Elder Edda" and the prose or "Younger Edda".
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Edmund the Martyr, Saint
Short biography of the King of East Anglia, who died in 870.
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Education of the Deaf
History, aids, and alphabets are discussed.
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Educational Association, The Catholic
A voluntary organization composed of Catholic educators and other persons who have an interest in the welfare of Catholic education in the United States.
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Edward Ambrose Barlow, Saint
Short biography of the Benedictine priest, martyred at Lancaster in 1641.
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Edward Bamber, Blessed
Lancashire priest martyred in 1646.
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Edward III
Detailed biographical article on the King of England.
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Edward Oldcorne, Blessed
Englishman, Jesuit priest, martyred in 1606. Biography.
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Edward Waterson, Blessed
English priest, missionary, and martyr. Executed in 1594 (1593 old style). Biographical entry.
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Egbert
Frequently though incorrectly called "First King of England", died A.D. 839.
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Egfrid
King of Northumbria, b. 650; d. 685.
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Egmont, Lamoral, Count of
Born at the Château de La Hamaide, in Hainault, 18 Nov., 1522; beheaded at Brussels, 5 June, 1568.
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Eguiara y Eguren, Juan José
Mexican scholar. (d. 1763)
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Egwin, Saint
Third bishop of Worcester, founded the Benedictine monastery of Evesham, d. 717 or 720.
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Eichendorff, Josef Karl Benedikt
Poet. (1788-1857)
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Eichstätt
Diocese in Bavaria, north of the Danube, and suffragan to Bamberg.
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Eisengrein, Martin
Catholic theologian and polemical writer, born of Protestant parents at Stuttgart, 28 December, 1535; died at Ingolstadt, 4 May, 1578.
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Eithne, Saint
Irish princess, converted to Christianity by St. Patrick, died immediately after receiving her First Communion (433).
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Elaea
A titular see of Asia Minor.
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Elcesaites
A sect of Gnostic Ebionites.
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Elder, William Henry
Third Bishop of Natchez, Mississippi, U.S.A., and second Archbishop of Cincinnati, b. in Baltimore, Maryland, 22 March, 1819; d. in Cincinnati, 31 Oct., 1904.
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Election
In its broadest sense election means a choice among many persons, things, or sides to be taken. In the stricter juridical sense it means the choice of one person among many for a definite charge or function.
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Eleutherius, Saint
First Bishop of Tournai, early sixth century.
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Eleutheropolis
A titular see in Palaestina Prima.
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Elhuyar y de Suvisa, Fausto de
Mineralogist and chemist. (1755-1833)
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Eligius, Saint
Or Eloi. Bishop of Noyon-Tournai, founded several monasteries, d. 660.
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Elizabeth, Saint
The wife of Zachary, mother of St. John the Baptist, and relative of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Some believe that it was Elizabeth who proclaimed the Magnificat.
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Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint
From an association established by Dorothea Klara Wolff, in connection with the sisters, Mathilde and Maria Merkert, and Franziska Werner, 1842, in Nelsse (Prussia), to tend in their own homes, without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or would not be received into the hospitals.
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Ellis, Philip Michael
First Vicar Apostolic of the Western District, England, subsequently Bishop of Segni, Italy, b. in 1652; d. 16 Nov., 1726.
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Ely
Ancient diocese in England.
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Emanationism
The doctrine that emanation (Lat. emanare, "to flow from") is the mode by which all things are derived from the First Reality, or Principle.
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Emmeram, Saint
Late seventh-century missionary to Bavaria, where he was martyred.
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Ems, Congress of
A meeting of the representatives of the German Archbishops Friedrich Karl von Erthal of Mainz, Maximilian Franz of Cologne, Clemens Wenceslaus of Trier, and Hieronymus von Colloredo of Salzburg, at the little town of Bad-Ems, near Coblenz, in August, 1786, for the purpose of protesting against papal interference in the exercise of episcopal powers and fixing the future relations between these archbishops and the Roman pontiff.
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Encina, Juan de la
Biographical article commenting on his musical and writing abilities and his priestly positions.
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Enciso, Martín Fernández de
Navigator and geographer, b. at Seville, Spain, c. 1470; d. probably about 1528 at Seville.
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Encratites
Literally, "abstainers" or "persons who practised continency", because they refrained from the use of wine, animal food, and marriage.
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Endlicher, Stephan Ladislaus
Austrian botanist, linguist, and historian, b. at Pressburg, Hungary, 24 June, 1804; d. at Vienna, 28 March, 1849.
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Engelberg, Abbey of
A Benedictine monastery in Switzerland, formerly in the Diocese of Constance.
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Entablature
A superstructure which lies horizontally upon the columns in classic architecture.
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Epiklesis
The name of a prayer that occurs in all Eastern liturgies (and originally in Western liturgies also) after the words of Institution, in which the celebrant prays that God may send down His Holy Spirit to change this bread and wine into the Body and Blood of His Son.
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Epiphania
A titular see in Cilicia Secunda, in Asia Minor, suffragan of Anazarbus.
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Epiphanius of Constantinople
Succeeded John II (518-20) as Patriarch of Constantinople.
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Epistle (in Scripture)
The Old Testament exhibits two periods in its idea of an epistle: first, it presents the epistle under the general concept of a book or a writing; secondly, it regards the epistle as a distinct literary form. The New Testament presents a very highly developed form of an epistle.
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Epée, Charles-Michel de l'
A philanthropic priest and inventor of the sign alphabet for the instruction of the deaf and dumb; was b. at Versailles, 25 November, 1712; d. at Paris, 23 December, 1789.
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Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de
Spanish soldier and poet, born in Madrid, 7 August, 1533; died in the same city, 29 November, 1594.
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Erdington Abbey
Situated in a suburb of Birmingham, Warwickshire, England, belongs to the Benedictine congregation of St. Martin of Beuron, Germany, and is dedicated to St. Thomas of Canterbury.
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Ernakulam, Vicariate Apostolic of
In May, 1887, the churches of Syrian Rite in Malabar were separated from those of the Latin Rite and formed into the Vicariates of Trichur and Kottayam under European prelates. In response, however, to the petitions of the Syrian Catholics desirous of obtaining bishops of their own race and rite, Leo XIII by his brief "Quae Rei Sacrae" (28 July, 1896) divided the territory anew into three vicariates: Trichur, Changanacherry, and Ernakulam.
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Ernst of Hesse-Rheinfels
The sixth son of Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel, after whose resignation of the government in 1627 to his son Wilhelm V, Ernst and his brother Hermann respectively founded the collateral lines of Hesse-Rheinfels and Hesse-Rotenburg.
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Errington, William
Priest, founder of Sedgley Park School, b. 17 July, 1716; d. 28 September, 1768.
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Erthal, Franz Ludwig von
Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg, b. at Lohr on the Main, 16 September, 1730; d. at Würzburg, 16 February, 1795.
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Erthal, Friedrich Karl Joseph, Freiherr von
Last Elector and Archbishop of Mainz, b. 3 Jan., 1719, at Mainz; d. 25 July, 1802, at Aschaffenburg.
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Erzerum (Theodosiopolis)
The kings of Armenia established their summer residence here. Later Garin fell into the power of the Byzantines, who named it Theodosiopolis (415), under which title it is still a Latin titular see.
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Esnambuc, Pierre Belain, Sieur d'
Captain in the French marine, b. 1565, at Allouville, near Yvetot (Seine-Inferieure); d. at St. Christopher in Dec., 1636.
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Espejo, Antonio
A Spanish explorer, whose fame rests upon a notable expedition which he conducted into New Mexico and Arizona in 1582-3.
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Espinel, Vincent
Poet and novelist; born at Ronda (Malaga), Spain, 1544; died at Madrid, 1634.
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Establishment, The
The union of Church and State setting up a definite and distinctive relation between the two is frequently expressed in English by the use of the word "establishment".
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Ethelbert, Saint
Biography of the King of the East Angles, who was murdered in 794.
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Ethelwold, Saint
Bishop of Winchester, called "father of monks," d. 984.
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Etschmiadzin
An Armenian monastery, since 1441 the ecclesiastical capital of the schismatic Armenians, and seat of their patriarch or catholicos, whom the greater part of the Non-Uniat Armenian Church acknowledge as their head.
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Eucarpia
A titular see of Phrygia Salutaris in Asia Minor.
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Eudists
An ecclesiastical society instituted at Caen, France, 25 March, 1643, by Jean Eudes.
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Eudocia
Ælia Eudocia, sometimes wrongly called Eudoxia, was the wife of Theodosius II; died c. 460. Her original name was Athenais, and she was the daughter of Leontius, one of the last pagans who taught rhetoric at Athens.
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Eugendus, Saint
Fourth abbot of Condat, d. 510. Also called St. Augendus, Oyand, or Oyan.
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Eulogia
The term has been applied in ecclesiastical usage to the object blessed. It was occasionally used in early times to signify the Holy Eucharist, and in this sense is especially frequent in the writings of St. Cyril of Alexandria.
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Eunomianism
A phase of extreme Arianism prevalent amongst a section of Eastern churchmen from about 350 until 381; as a sect it is not heard of after the middle of the fifth century.
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Euphrosyne, Saint
According to the Vitae Patrum, passed as a man and lived in a men's monastery for 38 years. She died in about 470.
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Europus
A titular see in Provincis Euphratensis, suffragan of Hierapolis.
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Eusebius of Dorylæum
Bishop of Dorylæum in Asia Minor, was the prime mover on behalf of Catholic orthodoxy against the heresies of Nestorius and Eutyches.
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Eusebius of Laodicea
An Alexandrian deacon who had some fame as a confessor and became bishop of Laodicea in Syria, date of birth uncertain: d. about 268.
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Eusebius, Chronicle of
Consists of two parts: the first was probably called by Eusebius the "Chronograph" or "Chronographies"; the second he terms the "Canon", or "Canons", and also the "Chronological Canons".
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Eusebius, Saint
A Roman presbyter, confessor, d. possibly in 357.
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Eusebius, Saint
Anti-Arian bishop of Samosata, martyr, d. 379 or 380.
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Eustace White, Saint
English convert to Catholicism, priest, missionary to his native land, martyred in 1591. Short biography.
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Eustace, John Chetwode
Antiquary, b. in Ireland, c. 1762; d. at Naples, Italy, 1 Aug., 1815.
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Eustachius and Companions, Saints
Second-century Roman martyrs.
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Eustathius of Sebaste
Born about 300; died about 377. He was one of the chief founders of monasticism in Asia Minor, and for a long time was an intimate friend of St. Basil.
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Eustochium Julia, Saint
Daughter of St. Paula. Monastic, spoke Latin and Greek, read Hebrew, the recipient of a famous letter from St. Jerome. She died in 419 or 420.
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Eutropius of Valencia
Spanish bishop; d. about 610.
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Eutyches
An heresiarch of the fifth century.
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Evagrius
Church historian. (536-594)
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Evangeliaria
Liturgical books containing those portions of the Gospels which are read during Mass or in the public offices of the Church.
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Evolution, History and Scientific Foundation of
History, definition, and various arguments.
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Examiners, Apostolic
So called because appointed by the Apostolic See for service in Rome. In 1570 Pius V instituted the Apostolic examiners to conduct examinations of candidates for orders and of confessors.
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Exarch
A title used in various senses both civilly and ecclesiastically.
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Executor, Apostolic
A cleric who puts into execution a papal rescript, completing what is necessary in order that it be effective.
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Exequatur
A faculty which civil rulers impart to a Bull, papal Brief, or other ecclesiastical enactment in order to give it binding force in their respective territories.
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Expeditors, Apostolic
Officials who attend to the sending of Bulls, Briefs, and Rescripts, that emanate from the Apostolic Chancery, the Dataria, the Sacred Paenitentiaria, and the Secretariate of Briefs.
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Exposition of the Blessed Sacrament
A manner of honouring the Holy Eucharist, by exposing it, with proper solemnity, to the view of the faithful in order that they may pay their devotions before it.
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Eznik
A writer of the fifth century, born at Golp, in the province of Taikh, a tributary valley of the Chorokh, in Northern Armenia.
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Eve
First woman; wife of Adam.
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